Comments, opinions and an occasional ramble
Leave no one behind, deny no one a chance
The Budget will be announced on 15 February. The hottest topic for this year’s Budget will undoubtedly be the GST increase. I expect more to be written about the issue in the coming days (the Straits Times started with an extremely pro-GST section today, and Kitana started with an extremely anti-GST piece), both on blogosphere and mainstream media.
I’m going to reserve judgement on the GST increase until the details on the budget is out. My primary opposition to the GST is because of the regressiveness of the tax. Being a present member of the lower-middle income group, I can understand the impact of the GST increase on the less well-off (See my entry previously titled “Robbing Peter to pay Peter”). However, in the weeks following the surprise announcement of a GST increase, the PM has assured that the less well-off will receive adequate assistance to offset the increase, so I’m going to wait and see what happens.
What I’m presently more concerned about is the underpinnings of the entire GST issue, and that is the negative impacts of globalisation and how should we react to it such that no Singaporean would be left behind. We are facing a widening income gap, and the PM himself has noted that this is a problem. I’m no economics expert, but I can see that the widening income gap will be a huge problem economically because given the size of the middle-class and that they have the ability to spend, the middle-class folks form a huge bulk of a society’s consumption. If their real wages don’t increase enough (and inflation keeps increasing), they are going to cut down their consumption. That will really be a headache for the government because we are moving towards taxing consumption, and not income. If consumption drops, the government gets less income from taxes. It is therefore in the interests of the government to try and close the income inequality.
Having said that, it doesn’t mean we close the income inequality through means like banning foreign talents or legislating miminum wage. These instruments are too blunt and not sensitive enough to adequately address the various dimensions of income inequality. Nevermind if these methods don’t adequately address the problem, the worse scenario is that even more problems are created. It’s like taking the a drug for an illness that didn’t have the intended effect, but ends up giving many side effects instead.
My vote for closing the income inequality goes to higher education. I remember making this remark via email to a friend a couple of weeks back, and my vote has now received an additional vote of confidence from the Federal Reserver Chairman Ben Bernanke, who said exactly the same thing (it was reported in the Straits Times on Wed or Thurs). I think the government should set aside more funds for Singaporeans who wish to pursue higher education (and that includes Masters/PhD, not just a normal bachelors). I think it is only fair to help those who wish to help themselves, and not put in some across the board legislation where lazy bums get a free ride as well. Given that resources are always in short supply, it is most sensible to maximise the use of the resources by allocating it to those who desire it most.
It should be clear by inference that I support the idea of meritocracy. In principle, this idea is good, but potential problems arise in execution. As we strive not to leave anyone behind when battling the demons of globalisation, at the same time, we should not deny opportunities for moving forward. An example would be companies requiring “chinese speaking” individuals for jobs that has no such necessity. Why should we deny someone who doesn’t know how to speak chinese a chance to get a job? I have another more personal example illustrating the invisible glass ceiling. My OC in my operational unit in my NS days is a diploma holder. He has 3 diplomas in fact. He lamented to me once that even though he has 3 diplomas, they are worthless compared to any ordinary degree holder. The highest rank he can possibly achieve is probably a major, while degree holders can potentially become generals. If people are willing to improve themselves and prove capable, why put invisible restraints on them?
I see the strategy for Singapore’s long term survival to be increasing the quality of our human resource through education. However, this is not enough if we do not iron out the creases in our practice of meritocracy. If we truly want to close the income gap, we have to make sure that meritocracy is indeed properly executed. There’s no point educating someone for a higher job to increase his/her income only to place other barriers in the way. After all, we want to be an inclusive society, no?
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about 3 years ago
I would actually think of stopping at Masters.
Because there’s only so much theory you can go into till you fall off the edge of hands-on, practical work (unless of course your line of work encourages and requires research into the PhD strata).
I would also think that perhaps people who work a bit for a few years before jumping into a Masters (which tends to give a better perspective of things). Though of course, for disciplines like Business, it is not uncommon to meet people who go straight for a MBA after having done Bachelor’s.
Besides a Bachelor’s and a Masters, I think the best thing people can do for themselves is to decide what are the specialist skills that are related to their career path (or interest) and pursue certification in that.
So for instance, one may be in marketing, which involves client management, liaising with graphic designers, meeting public relations professionals, meeting business execs or working with statisticians.
So to make sure you’re not getting short-changed, you could do some courses in stats, or a course in copywriting, a course in elementary graphic design (so that you know the cost of paper stock, how to choose them, the difficulties of design work in the day-to-day reality that your designers live by, etc.), or even courses in negotiation, which is useful both in personal and professional life.
In addition, you could also try to pursue an interest, like a hobby. This allows you to gain some proficiency and knowledge in that interest, which allows you to chat more joyously with similar minds.
If you enjoy similar ideas around that hobby, then maybe you could partner and form a business or just a interest group.
And then the cycle just perpetuates….
o.
about 3 years ago
As for the low-income group, there is very little info available, which inevitably hinders analysis.
Education is a definite need. Even as the govt is promoting the lib arts college, it has said that it cannot fund it, which prompts the qn of whether we’d end up only having the wealthiest kids being educated there since even with prevalent subsidies (if they can in fact be used towards an education like that), the fees and thus costs are much higher in such a college.
Which would inevitably create another elitist elite a la WSM, whose social experiences probably negate the good such an education does give.
o.
about 3 years ago
My OC in my operational unit in my NS days is a diploma holder. He has 3 diplomas in fact. He lamented to me once that even though he has 3 diplomas, they are worthless compared to any ordinary degree holder. The highest rank he can possibly achieve is probably a major, while degree holders can potentially become generals. If people are willing to improve themselves and prove capable, why put invisible restraints on them?
That’s the problem that is rather prevalent in Singapore: bad HR management.
There are operational officers and there are the ‘scholastic’ officers who write papers and such (just look at the amount spewed from the latter on the MINDEF journal, Pointer).
To give equal opportunity to all, we’d need something that’s quite almost like Communism, which is the extreme expression of egalitarianism.
As written previously, there is a lack of public information on the lower income groups. We do not know specifically what sort of skills they lack, apart from the more obvious ones like symbolic analysis, which requires either a good grasp of language or, mathematics.
So one way, if possible, but that which the government obviously doesn’t seem to be considering, is to ban foreign workers from industries that outrightly, do not require symbolic analytical skills.
It may be said perhaps, that this will lead to an inflation in costs, but I don’t think so:
It has been more or less discerned that the lower income will require major help in the form of them getting the most subsidies. Not just pay-outs for transport and the like but also subsidies for their kids and things like that, which will have to come from the upper-income groups.
The problem of cheap foreign labour is that it exacerbates the situation in that with globalisation, those foreign workers are the ones being forced out of their country. After all, globalisation affects every country, not just Singapore.
Then as for the middle-income groups, they’d have to do lots and lots of re-training. That’s where all the HR thingie comes in—if employers cannot gain a more holistic understanding of organisational competitiveness, and of the very fact that they do need to eventually get their operations outside Singapore in search of much bigger markets (thus transplanting Singaporeans overseas and freeing up positions locally while having Singaporeans who’ve done overseas work to continually instruct and inform younger employees on the perils of overseas operations), there’s nothing much the middle-income groups can do.
So perhaps to sum up how I characterise the lower-incomes and the middle-incomes, it is that:
• lower-incomers: lack symbolic analytical skills which can only be afforded by higher education; corollary point: cannot change their circumstances much through ‘upgrading courses’ except in the more ‘hands-on’ forms
• middle-incomers: greater access to educational opportunities; more tied down perhaps due to inadequate organisational strategies in the companies they work for
And that’s all I can think of. I just don’t have the information, sorry. Me no civil servant.
o.
about 3 years ago
Anyway, the transplanting Singaporeans thingie I learnt from working for a month at some contract marketing company.
They’d train you to a certain level — there’s a clear trajectory planned out for each person with certain goals and milestones like team management, sales goals, etc — and then when you’ve completed that course, they’ll grab you and a bunch of those in the same league of competencies as you and then tell you to go to some state and open a new branch.
So it’s pretty viral, the strategy of expansion, that is.
I’d have stayed working there if not for my bad ankle.
You basically earn commission smaller than peanuts. In fact, I earned nothing in that one month but I learnt A LOT and you could actually feel yourself growing as a person by the day, which was fabulous.
It sounds a bit like MLM and my friends told me I shouldn’t work there. But I’d still work there if I didn’t have my bad ankle because as you saw your more senior colleagues fly off to set up a new branch, you could just imagine that you’ll get there pretty quick if you worked at it.
o.
about 3 years ago
oh btw, those that do really well in that sort of contract marketing outfit are the poly grads.
And according to them, NUS grads were the worst.
Not me though…! Because those same poly grads were projecting that I’d be promoted very soon.
Just too bad I had a bad ankle: It was my favourite job.
about 3 years ago
Hey, I agree with your point about increasing the quality of our human resource through education as the strategy we should pursue. But like what oskar said, I believe human resource management in Singapore is in a dismal state.
Who are the people who end up in the human resource department? Honestly, I have no statistics to back this up, but it would seem that most of them are not trained specifically in HR.
Also, when it comes to recruiting for a company, how many of the people involved in recruiting have the knowledge of what is needed by the company? For example, how many people who are recruiting for an IT position know enought about IT to make an informed choice?
Also, I think if a company indeed believes that its most valuable resource is its people (and that is something trumpeted alot in management books) then the HR department should be the best trained, best paid or somewhere there as they are the gatekeepers that determine the sort of talent that enters the company.
about 3 years ago
There is no such thing as being extremely anti-GST. That characterization is wrong. This fails Journalist standards *but its a blog so its okay….
Anyhow, pray tell what does extremely suggest? Its like saying one is anti-establishment and then saying another is extremely anti-establishment. Extremely vague and extremely subjective. Extremely used to make an extremely emphasis. So extreme that I see radicals everywhere. Fundamentalists at every corner.
about 3 years ago
Ben,
I qualify the use of the word extremely because of the extreme scenario used in support of the argument against GST (well, it’s my opinion that it’s extreme, of course). I agree with you that the definition of extreme is subject to many factors, and that perhaps I should be more careful in using my words. However, since this is not straight news reporting (it can still qualify as journalistm because commentaries, editorials and opinion pieces do use such words) and that I’m expressing an opinion, I think it’s fine to use the word extremely. If I write like I’m reporting news ah, my blog got to close shop. It’ll be very boring.
about 3 years ago
Ian,
I don’t know of a solution to the HR problem. I think we need a fundamental shift in mindset, e.g. not all scholars are bright, and not all non-scholars are stupid.
about 3 years ago
Hi,
Just a suggestion. Since education is so important how about Spore making education free up to tertiary level like most European countries?
And because currently meritocracy is quite skewed in Spore most of the rich end up receiving scholarships which they don’t need. At least with free education some from the lower income group can break free of their poverty cycle.
And for those who are not motivated to study just let them be. Even if its free you would still need effort in order to obtain it.
about 3 years ago
Hi Terence,
I rather they fine-tune the scholarship system rather than to give free education to all. Free education for all is another blunt tool that is ineffective. Those above upper middle income group don’t need free education. However, if we make it free for all, we are stretching resources more thinly, with people who don’t really need help getting help. That doesn’t make any logical sense to me. Of course, we also want to avoid the problem of people taking 6-7 years to do a degree that they can do in 4.
about 3 years ago
The rich getting a scholarship when they don’t need the financial assistance does not mean meritocracy is skewed. Scholarship is more than just providing financial assistance to an individual, but also ensuring that the individual will be part of the civil service or whatever organisation is offering the scholarship. It is only skewed when those receiving it do not meet the criteria of the scholarship. This is the essence of meritocracy in Singapore. If you meet the criteria, you won’t be excluded just because you are from a rich family. If such a thing happens, that would be reverse discrimination.
Maybe the key is to increase the number of bursaries given out or increase the amount set aside for financial assistance and review the criteria for receiving it.
Also, I would like to comment something about Singapore’s meritocracy system. It seems skewed because it seems that the children of the richer families tend to get more of the benefits than those not in that bracket. The thing is, meritocracy is about equal opportunities, but it is not an equal start. I’m not sure about your own experiences, but Nanyang Primary, Rosyth, Henry Park and a few other primary schools tend to have a higher concentration of students from well to do families and also they were the ones who produced the students who did well in the sec sch and jc years for my batch.
I was not able to go to such a primary school. I cannot remember how students are allocated to primary schools but I think geography plays a part. If you see, these schools tend to be in the richer housing estates and I think it would not be presumptuous that these schools can be considered the ‘better’ ones (though how they became to be so whether MOE allocated the better teachers there, or a stronger parent-teacher organisation or wat…is something I do not know) and so a lot of the children from the better off families have a certain head start. Let’s not talk about the ability to provide supplementary programmes which can help in the development of a child.
The key is not just providing financial assistance at the tertiary level. It we want to ensure our children all can benefit from meritocracy, then we need to give all of them an equal start. I believe that PAP kindergartens was aimed to do this, but maybe more can be done. For example, we need to get more parents interested in bringing children to libraries to read and read well, and I believe for me at least, I’ve seen the libraries getting better in the heartlands and that is a big big improvement. But a lot more of course can still be done and we all need to play a part.
about 3 years ago
Ian,
I agree that we should not discriminate against rich people. My point is that we should not offer unilateral aid because we don’t want to (and there’s no need to) help those who can help themselves. Of course, even if those who can help themselves are capable enough and want a scholarship, we should give it to them as an incentive. That is only fair.
about 3 years ago
Fairness aside, what do you say to those who are better off to pay for his/her own education, receiving aid and then perhaps breaking the bond midway just because he/she didn’t like the job? I suppose this subject has been breached umpteen times but I would like to remind you of that same probability that will re-occur time and time again.
There will people receiving aid (even as an incentive) and possibly breaking the bond and there will be someone who needs the money more than the bondbreakers do and not getting it. Now that would not be fair, would it?
about 3 years ago
Aaron: Just thinking aloud although I know it won’t be feasible in a capitalistic nation like Spore.
Ian: Talking about equal starts. You would be surprised, since education went compulsory up to primary level, lots of families couldn’t afford to even send their kids to primary 1. I think even currently a few of them are still “slipping through the cracks”.
And you also brought up another point that I was also thinking about: since education is so important in Spore why not make it compulsory up to Diploma level just like the US and Japan (compulsory up to high school). Its just only recently in 2003 that Spore made education compulsory but why only 6 years? A PSLE cert wouldn’t even qualify someone to wash test tubes. Sometimes some of the policies in Spore just don’t make sense.
about 3 years ago
Hello Kevin, yeah, I know what you mean. But you do know it is not just the rich who take scholarships that break bonds. It is also those who needed the money (i.e. the not well off) to study overseas, got it who could also break bond. Actually, I’m not sure about the statistics, but it doesn’t matter if you are from well off family or not well off family. Taking the overseas scholarship allows you a chance to be showcased to companies that will want to poach you for your talent. And doesn’t matter if you are well off or not, there will be people who break the bond when they feel it is in their best interests. And those who needed the money to study overseas sometimes can also afford to break the bond because the new salary they are getting is much higher and can cover that cost or sometimes the company even buys them out of the bond for them.
about 3 years ago
Kevin:
Fairness aside, what do you say to those who are better off to pay for his/her own education, receiving aid and then perhaps breaking the bond midway just because he/she didn’t like the job? I suppose this subject has been breached umpteen times but I would like to remind you of that same probability that will re-occur time and time again.
That’s the other thing that scholarship givers must sort out.
Just as not all scholars are smart and not all non-scholars are stupid, having the grades that cut it doesn’t mean that you have a heart that’s unsurpassable in civic consciousness.